What is the purpose of the karyotype technique?

The karyotype technique is primarily used to visualize and analyze the number and structure of chromosomes in a cell. This is essential for identifying chromosome abnormalities, such as aneuploidies (which involve an abnormal number of chromosomes), structural changes (such as deletions, duplications, translocations, or inversions), and other genetic disorders caused by chromosomal anomalies.

Creating a karyotype involves staining chromosomes to produce a distinct pattern that can be examined under a microscope. This allows for the identification of specific chromosome abnormalities that may be involved in diseases such as Down syndrome, Turner syndrome, and various cancers. In this way, karyotyping serves a critical role in genetic diagnostics and research, providing insights into chromosomal health and stability.